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Directed attention fatigue
Directed attention fatigue (DAF) is a neurological phenomenon that results from overuse of the brain’s inhibitory attention mechanisms, which handle incoming distractions while maintaining focus on a specific task. The greatest threat to a given focus of attention is competition from other stimuli that can cause a shift in focus. This is because one maintains focus on a particular thought by inhibiting all potential distractions and not by strengthening that central mental activity.〔Itti, Laurent, Geraint Rees, and John K Tsotsos, eds. Neurobiology of Attention. Boston: Elsevier, 2005.〕 Directed attention fatigue occurs when a particular part of the brain’s global inhibitory system is overworked due to the suppression of increasing numbers of stimuli. This temporary condition is not a clinical illness or a personality disorder. It is rather a temporary fatigue of the inhibitory mechanisms in the brain.〔Beadle, S. Directed Attention Fatigue and Restoration, 2006. Web. 20 Feb. 2011. http://www.troutfoot.com/attn/index.html.〕 According to inhibition theory, it is natural for one to alternate between periods of attention and distraction. Although one’s efforts may involve very different tasks, each incoming stimulus calls upon the same directed attention mechanism.
==Stress vs. mental fatigue==
The concept of stress is used in many situations that would be described as mental fatigue, but the two concepts are distinctly different. Stress involves preparation for an anticipated event that has been evaluated as being threatening or harmful. Though mental fatigue may well result from stressful circumstances, it also arises out of hard work on a project one enjoys. In such cases, there is no anticipation of threat of harm present but still the result is fatigue. Characteristic of mental fatigue is difficulty focusing. For a mentally fatigued person, paying attention to something uninteresting is burdensome, even though focusing on something of great interest poses no particular challenge.〔Pfaff, Donald W, and Brigitte L Kieffer, eds. Molecular and Biophysical Mechanisms of Arousal, Alertness, and Attention. Boston: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.〕 Hence, there are two types of attention, distinguished in terms of the effort involved in their use and their changes in attentional shift:
:# Involuntary attention refers to attention that requires no effort at all, as when something exciting or interesting happens.
:# Voluntary attention, or directed attention, refers to attention that requires a great deal of effort, as when something is monotonous or boring.〔Kaplan, R.; Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34939-7.〕
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